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From http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20061020.ONTWATER20/TPStory/TPNational/Ontario/

Reserve homes lack access to water, report says
KAREN HOWLETT

TORONTO -- The vast majority of homes on a remote native reserve in Northwestern Ontario have no access to basic water and sewage services, forcing most residents to use decrepit wooden outhouses and carry their drinking water by pail, according to a report released yesterday.

The primitive conditions on the Pikangikum reserve, a fly-in community about 200 kilometres north of Kenora, pose a danger to the health of its 2,300 residents, warns the report, prepared by the Northwestern Health Unit. The report says the four staff members who spent two days assessing the situation at the native community this year are all too familiar with the tainted tap-water plight on many reserves across the province.

"Nor are we naive, but we were all shocked at the extent of the neglect we witnessed," Dr. Pete Sarsfield, the health unit's chief executive officer, says in the report.

The reserve has a modern and adequate water treatment plant. The problem is that the plant is not connected to 95 per cent of the reserve's 367 houses. As a result, most residents travel to the plant to collect drinking water. But the plant is not accessible to many residents, leaving them drinking untreated water from the lake, the report says. Plastic containers used to transport drinking water to the local school and its 780 students are not cleaned or disinfected between fillings.

The majority of outhouses on the reserve are full and overflowing with sewage and many do not have doors, leaving residents at "high risk of illness," the report says. Health-care workers noted a higher incidence of gastrointestinal infections, as well as skin and urinary tract infections, than in other communities.

The report was tabled by the New Democrats in the legislature yesterday, one day after the government's Clean Water Act passed third and final reading.

The legislation is aimed at protecting drinking water from contamination.

The government may say that everyone in Ontario has a basic right to clean drinking water, but the legislation will do nothing to protect the residents of Pikangikum, NDP Leader Howard Hampton said.

"If you're an aboriginal person, you don't have that fundamental right," he said.

The conditions at Pikangikum are an eerie reminder of the contaminated water crisis at Kashechewan a year ago, when the Ontario government declared a state of emergency and brought out residents in need of medical attention.

"I continually write to [Indian Affairs Minister] Jim Prentice, saying you better take your responsibility seriously," David Ramsay, the minister responsible for aboriginal affairs in Ontario, told reporters. "We're very, very concerned about this and don't think the feds should be abdicating their responsibility."

But a spokesman for Mr. Prentice said the minister has taken steps to address the problem, including setting up an expert panel to come up with regulations to ensure there is safe drinking water on reserves across Canada.

To Members of the Assembly of First Nations Executive, First Nations Leaders and Community Directors:

Based on direction received from the AFN Executive and its portfolio committees, the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) Secretariat has initiated a national public education campaign for Canadians, whose objective is to:

Generate public awareness and support that First Nations rights and issues are of critical importance to Canada’s future, and must be addressed in the next Federal Budget and Election (anticipated winter-spring 2007).

The campaign will be launched in collaboration with a major global and national effort to eliminate poverty with a special focus on First Nations communities and the struggle we are facing: The Make Poverty History campaign - http://www.makepovertyhistory.ca/.

This campaign (visit http://www.afn.ca/article.asp?id=2903 for more information) is the first main activity being undertaken under one of four key themes of the Platform from which I received my mandate at the July 2006 Annual General Assembly:

1. Asserting Rights;

2. Implementing Treaties;

3. Eliminating Poverty;

4. Improving Relations with Other Governments.

The “Make Poverty History Campaign for First Nations” is based on three main premises:

First Nations poverty is the greatest social injustice in Canada.

• The cost of First Nations poverty is a cost to Canada. Maintaining a ‘broken system’ is a much bigger cost than recognizing First Nations governments, respecting their Constitutional and Treaty Rights, and their plan for Creating Opportunities and Building on Successes.

A decade of failures of the Canadian Government to act has resulted in billions lost.

• Next month is the tenth anniversary of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and the one-year anniversary of the First Ministers Meeting on Aboriginal Issues. The federal government cannot point to any significant progress achieved nationally during that time; positive changes have been initiated by communities for communities and only by overcoming the barriers imposed onto them by external governments.

First Nations must have the ability to make the decisions that affect their lives and plan for their own future.

• Self-government is the key to eliminating poverty and ensuring full First Nations opportunity to protect and benefit from Canadian lands and resources.

Key events targeted by the national campaign include:

• October 3: Public Forum with Canadian Leadership on the Protection of International Indigenous Rights with the United Nations’ Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;
• October 15: Marches for “Making Poverty History”;
• October 17: International Day for the Eradication of Poverty;
• November 21: RCAP Tenth Anniversary;
• November 24: Make Poverty History for First Nations national event at the Rogers Centre Pow Wow in Toronto at 2:30 p.m.;
• November 25-26: One-Year Anniversary of Kelowna;
• November 28: Aboriginal Health Summit hosted by Premier Campbell;
• December Special Chiefs Assembly with a focus on the results to date of the National Campaign and where future directions will be discussed among First Nations leaders.

This campaign cannot be successful unless YOU are part of this collective effort – communicating to the new minority government and to all Canadians that First Nations will not be ignored and our rights must be fully recognized and respected.

Here are ways in which you can support this national campaign:

• Send out the template letter and op-ed attached, tailored to highlight your community’s circumstances and needs;
• Distribute campaign materials to your partners and community members, and encourage them to become involved;
• Meet with your government Members of Parliament to emphasize the urgency of the situation;
• Contact your AFN Regional Office to identify any potential campaign events;
• Participate in the November 24^th event at Toronto’s Rogers Centre Pow Wow.

If you have any suggestions or questions, please contact your AFN Regional Office or Bryan Hendry, AFN Communications Director (tel: 1-866-869-6789, extension 229; cell: 613-293-6106; bhendry@afn.ca). More information is posted on www.afn.ca.

I thank you in advance for your support in this challenging environment. We must stand strong together as First Nations governments.

Sincerely,

National Chief Phil Fontaine

See the AFN Press Release supporting the passing of the bill as well as a copy of the discussion in the House of Commons by the members of parliament indicating that the three opposition parties Liberals, PQ and NDP who will be supporting this bill. Second Reading of Bill C292, the Kelowna Accord Implementation Act - Liberal Paul Martin's private members bill passed this evening by a vote of 159 to 123. The bill now goes to the Aboriginal Affairs Committee for review.

Assembly of First Nations statement on Bill C-292: An Act to Implement the Kelowna Accord

     OTTAWA, Oct. 18 /CNW Telbec/ - AFN National Chief Phil Fontaine says all First Nations are watching, with great anticipation, the outcome of tonight's vote on the second reading of Bill C-292.

     "We strongly urge all MPs, and all Canadians, to stand with First Nations in support of our plan to close the gap, within 10 years, in the quality of life between our people and other Canadians," said National Chief Phil Fontaine.

     "This achievable, affordable plan was unanimously endorsed by every province and territory, the federal government, and all Aboriginal leaders, in Kelowna last November," noted the National Chief. "Reports such as those by Auditor General Sheila Fraser, and, most recently, by Correctional Investigator Howard Sapers, underline the urgent need for all governments, including First Nations governments, to work together to address the root causes of poverty and despair.

     "First Nations poverty is the single greatest social justice issue in Canada today," added the National Chief. "We are counting on the Members of the House of Commons to do what is right and vote in support of this Bill."

     The Assembly of First Nations is the national organization representing First Nations citizens in Canada.

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/For further information: contact: Bryan Hendry, A/Director of Communications, (613) 241-6789, ext. 229, Cell. : (613) 293-6106, bhendry@afn.ca/

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Kelowna Accord Implementation Act
MONDAY - OCTOBER 16th, 2006
Private Members' Business

The House resumed from June 2 consideration of the motion that Bill C-292, An Act to implement the Kelowna Accord, be read the second time and referred to a committee.

The Speaker:  When the bill was last before the House, the hon. member for Kitchener-Conestoga had the floor. There are six minutes remaining in the time allotted for his remarks. I therefore call on the hon. member for Kitchener-Conestoga.

Mr. Harold Albrecht (Kitchener-Conestoga, CPC):  Mr. Speaker, thank you for giving me the opportunity to finish sharing my views on Bill C-292
    I rise today in opposition to Bill C-292, an act to implement the Kelowna accord.
    As I mentioned in my earlier remarks, I commend the right hon. member for LaSalle-Émard for providing members with the opportunity to discuss this issue that is of great importance to all Canadians. It is a pleasure to see the member for LaSalle-Émard in the House today.
    This issue is important for all Canadians. Although I welcome the occasion to speak to this pressing matter and listen to the contributions of other members, I cannot support the proposed legislation.
    My opposition to Bill C-292 is rooted in two main objections. First, the bill is poorly conceived. It is not a precise, detailed policy blueprint but a series of broad political commitments. Furthermore, it purports to extend statutory recognition to a one-time political event and create a legal obligation to fulfill a series of wide-ranging commitments.
    As I mentioned earlier, the short text of Bill C-292 provides members with absolutely no idea of what obligations it would impose on the government, nor whether these obligations would also apply to provinces and territories. This is an important issue for many of my colleagues in this chamber.
    Until members are provided with clear details on the nature of these programs and the related accountability measures, and until a long term sustainable financial plan to fund these programs has been approved by Parliament, I cannot see how this House can approve or support Bill C-292. So it will come as no surprise to members of this House that I continue to speak today in opposition to this bill.
    The health and prosperity of aboriginal and northern communities is critical to the health and prosperity of our entire nation. Thus, we must take concrete steps to address issues of aboriginal women, children and families, education, water, and housing.
    Mr. Speaker, on Monday, September 25, you yourself mentioned that Bill C-292, in clause 2, does state that the government shall "take all measures necessary to implement the terms of the accord", but the bill does not provide specific details on these measures. You said, "The measures simply are not described".
    Bill C-292 fails to establish a clear plan of action to resolve these issues. It fails to assign responsibilities. It fails to detail financial arrangements. It fails to adequately define procedures to achieve its targets. In other words, the bill before us today is not a fully developed strategy and could not be legally enforced.
    With $3.7 billion allocated for aboriginal and northern programs, the budget created by Canada's new government includes targeted investments in key areas. Those key areas include aboriginal housing, water, education, and economic development. The returns on these investments will deliver real improvements in the quality of life for aboriginal and northern peoples.
    Those investments will fortify relationships with provinces, territories, aboriginal leaders and organizations and create a more promising future for all Canadians.
    It is important to note that the government's $3.7 billion investment in aboriginal and northern peoples is in addition to increases to aboriginal health programs, as well as increases to the budget of the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs.
    This number, $3.7 billion, also excludes budget initiatives already aimed at both aboriginal and non-aboriginal peoples. Aboriginal peoples deserve no less than the same opportunities we all seek for our families, for our communities and for our country. We are committed to securing these opportunities for aboriginal Canadians.
    Three hundred million dollars will go directly to affordable housing programs in the territories, benefiting both aboriginal and non-aboriginal peoples. Nunavut, where the problem is most pressing, will receive $200 million. Yukon and the Northwest Territories will receive $50 million each.
    Another $300 million will be used to improve housing through the off-reserve aboriginal housing fund.
    Furthermore, $450 million has been set aside to fund initiatives for water, housing, education, and women, children and families. Through education, aboriginal communities can successfully battle poverty, while initiatives to improve the quality of life for women will nurture healthy children and families.
    A settlement agreement that was signed on May 10 launched an advanced payment program for seniors who suffered abuse while in residential schools. Victims will share in a $2.2 billion fund to help them deal with the emotional and psychological trauma that many of them continue to experience to this day.
    We do not believe that money and ad hoc remedies resolve the challenges facing aboriginal peoples. We must take on the hard work of renovating our laws and our institutions. This new Government of Canada is identifying and implementing effective and lasting solutions through collaboration and mutual respect.
    I strongly advise my hon. colleagues to join me in voting against Bill C-292.

Mr. Marc Lemay (Abitibi-Témiscamingue, BQ):   Mr. Speaker, first of all, I want to say that the Bloc Québécois will be supporting Bill C-292, An Act to implement the Kelowna Accord, introduced by the member for LaSalle-Émard. I will mention a few of the reasons why.
    The Kelowna accord is not, was not and will not be a cure-all for the problems faced by aboriginal communities. What the Kelowna accord was and will be is merely a way to alleviate the major problems of these communities. On Monday, May 8, 2006, in support of the accord, I tabled a motion, on behalf of my party, to the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development recommending the implementation of the Kelowna accord reached by representatives of Ottawa, Quebec, the provinces and national aboriginal leaders.
    The tabling of this motion and Bill C-292, which we are debating today, remind us that, once again, the federal government has not respected its commitments and has not taken its responsibilities toward the aboriginal people. I would like to read the motion that I tabled and that the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development adopted:
     That, pursuant to Standing Order 108(2), the Committee recommends that government to implement the Kelowna agreement, entitled Strengthening Relationships and Closing the Gap, which was reached on November 25, 2005 between the First Ministers and the National Aboriginal Leaders.
     That the Committee adopt these recommendations as a report to the House and that the Chair present this report to the House.
    We must not kid ourselves: the Kelowna accord is only a temporary measure that will not improve the living conditions of native people in the long run.
    The accord would represent $5.1 billion over five years for education, health, housing and economic opportunities for aboriginal peoples. If we consider that those funds are to be divided among federal, Quebec, provincial and territorial governments before reaching first nations, Inuit and Métis, where the needs are critical, we realize that that is very little to really reduce the gap.
    Quebec's first nations have tremendous needs, particularly in housing. Currently, they need over $700 million to provide the 7,000 housing units they lack-a figure that grows by hundreds of units every year. As we know, this housing deficit has extremely severe human and social consequences. Some health problems are linked directly to the housing shortage. We must quickly put a stop to increasing incidences of poisoning, infection, tuberculosis, and so on. The incidence of diabetes, fetal alcohol syndrome and suicide is also very worrisome.
    Suicide is a serious problem. Even though rates vary considerably from one community to the next, they are too high overall. Suicide rates among first nations youth are 5 to 7 times higher than among non-aboriginal youth. The suicide rates of Inuit youth are among the highest in the world-11 times higher than the Canadian average. We must therefore invest time and resources without delay.
    As far as education is concerned, if the government finally decided to tackle the problem, it would take 27 or 28 years to close the gap with other Quebeckers and Canadians, according to the 2004 Auditor General's report. That is very serious.
    A number of reports from the Auditor General, as well as findings of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and, more recently, the latest report from the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the living conditions of the aboriginal people of Canada, are alarming.
    Many recommendations supported by aboriginals, Quebeckers and Canadians have been presented to Ottawa and have fallen on deaf ears.
    On the eve of the conference of first ministers, the Bloc Québécois publicly supported the common position held by the Assembly of First Nations of Quebec and Labrador and the Quebec Native Women's Association, who rejected the government's initiative.
    The Assembly of First Nations of Quebec and Labrador and the Quebec Native Women's Association deplored the fact that the approach to narrowing the gap between the living conditions of first nations people and those of Quebeckers and Canadians did not address the real causes behind the first nations' situation, which are the lack of fair access to land and resources, and respect for their rights.
    The Assembly of First Nations of Quebec and Labrador, and the Quebec Native Women's Association also deplored the fact that the objective of the Kelowna agreement, through its blanket treatment of all aboriginals and lack of consultation with the communities to identify the real challenges, would maintain the cycle of dependence of the first nations.
    The Bloc Québécois feels that concrete solutions are needed that are adapted to the reality of the various aboriginal nations to correct at the foundation the inequalities that affect their communities. In addition, these measures must come out of discussions with the first nations, because money alone will not solve the problem. On the contrary, it perpetuates the paternalistic approach of the federal government toward aboriginals.
    Now we know, here in this House, that the federal government has an obligation to meet the great needs of the aboriginal people, among other things those related to housing, infrastructure, education and health care.
    The Bloc Québécois continues to make sure that Ottawa does not shirk its obligations as a trustee. The federal government should assume its responsibilities as long as all aboriginal nations do not have the tools for self-government. The first indications of this government's handling of the aboriginal issue are not very reassuring. For example, the initiative for a protocol for safe drinking water for first nations communities is commendable in and of itself. However, when the initiative sets aside communities with the greatest needs, those that still do not have a drinking water system and are still hauling their water in buckets, there is cause for concern.
    I have just two minutes remaining, but I could talk about this for hours without putting this House to sleep. I will wrap up quickly.
    The Bloc Québécois supports Bill C-292. The commitments made by the federal government in Kelowna mark a first step toward bridging the gap between aboriginal nations and Quebeckers and Canadians. Let me be clear: this is a first step.
    Aboriginal people must have all the tools to develop their own identity, namely the right to self-government and the recognition of their rights.
    In closing I want to say that in a few days a socio-economic forum of the first nations will be held at Masteuiash in the Roberval area. It is an exceptional location for the current federal government to show a little more empathy toward the first nations and to announce, in Masteuiash, important decisions for those first nations. We must prevent the things we are currently seeing in the media. An article on October 7 said that aboriginal peoples are the most overrepresented group in Canada's prisons. This must stop. We believe that the Kelowna accord was a step in the right direction. We want to reiterate in this House that we will support this accord and this bill.

Ms. Jean Crowder (Nanaimo-Cowichan, NDP):   Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to stand in support of Bill C-292 and the New Democrats will be supporting this private member's bill. However, it is a sad statement that we need to bring forward a private member's bill to deal with some very serious and pressing issues in first nations communities from coast to coast to coast.
    Lest we think that these conditions are new ones, the conditions that are currently in place in first nations communities are a result of decades of neglect and need to be laid, not only at the doorstep of the current Conservative government but also points to a failure of the previous Liberal government to deal with these issues.
    I want to talk about some statistics that the Assembly of First Nations has put forward and the fact that it has launched a "Make Poverty History: The First Nations Plan for Creating Opportunity" campaign. The conditions it is talking about have not arisen since January 2006. These conditions have accumulated over decades. I will only talk about a few of these numbers because they are depressing and a shameful legacy for this country to be talking about the kinds of conditions that exist in first nations, Inuit and Métis communities across the country.
    Let us talk about children. We often talk about family values and how important children are to our country. We talk about needing to protect our children and yet in first nations communities one in four children live in poverty compared to one in six Canadian children. The rate of disabilities among first nations children is about one in eight and is almost double the rate among Canadian children, and over one-third of first nations households with children are overcrowded.
    Let us talk about homes. In my riding of Nanaimo-Cowichan many homes on first nations reserves are contaminated with mould and yet we seem to have very little action that addresses the crying need in these communities to have safe, clean, affordable housing. About one in three first nations people consider their main drinking water supply unsafe to drink and 12% of first nations communities have to boil their drinking water and mould contaminates almost half of all households.
    In my own community there is a band called Penelakut on Kuper Island and its water source is below a decommissioned dump. The reserve has cases of rheumatic fever and the physicians in the area say that they have not seen rheumatic fever since they were in third world countries. Some of the band members talk about turning on their taps and having brown stuff come out.
    I live on Vancouver Island where we have some of the cleanest water in Canada. The Cowichan Valley says that it has the cleanest water in Canada and yet the people of Penelakut cannot access clean water on a regular basis.
    Let us talk about our communities and how we rank internationally. According to the AFN "Make Poverty History", applying the United Nations human development index would rank first nations communities 68 among 174 nations. Canada has dropped from first to eighth due in part to the housing and health conditions in first nations communities. Most first nations, 80%, have personal incomes below $30,000 per year and half of all households have total incomes below that level. When people do not have the incomes to even attempt to improve their living conditions, how can we expect people to bring themselves up out of poverty?
    Much has also been made about how much money is spent on first nations people. The section entitled "Fiscal Imbalance: The Truth About Spending on First Nations" states:
     Per capita spending on First Nations is half the amount for average Canadians (between $7,000-$8,000 compared to $15,000-$16,000). Spending on First Nations through core federal programs is capped annually at rates lower than inflation and population growth. 
    A recent Auditor General's report talked about the fact that funding only increased at 1.6% per annum whereas population increased significantly more than that.
    Those were just a few statistics of the reality in first nations community and it is no different for the Inuit peoples in the north, the Métis people and the off reserve and urban aboriginals.
    In any other country we would be pointing to these figures, facts, conditions and quality of life and saying that it was a shameful statement on that country. In our own country we continue to have those conditions and we ignore them daily.
    The Conservatives have said that the Kelowna accord was signed on November 25 and that it was scratched out on a napkin somewhere. That is a total disrespect for the 18 months of work that went into the Kelowna agreement, 18 months of people from across the country coming together to lay out a framework and address the very serious and pressing needs in communities.
    In my province of British Columbia, the premier and the then prime minister took it to heart. They saw the agreement as being something real and something that Canadians, including aboriginal peoples, wanted implemented. In fact, they signed a tripartite agreement. The first nations leadership from British Columbia, the prime minister and Premier Campbell, in good faith, signed the agreement called the transformative change accord and it was between the Government of British Columbia, the Government of Canada and the leadership council representing the first nations of British Columbia.
    This agreement was done with a great deal of responsibility, fiscal, social, environmental and economic. People recognized that what happened in Kelowna was a framework that would allow people to move forward. It was a commitment on the part of the Liberal government of the day and the first nations peoples and they fully expected the future government to honour that commitment.
    Recognizing that people wanted to see accountability and responsibility, the agreement laid out specific items. It laid out benchmarks for improving relationships by supporting a tripartite negotiation forum to address issues having to do with the reconciliation of aboriginal rights and titles. Numbers of treaties and increased awareness by public diversity were talked about. Benchmarks were laid out for closing the education gap and for improving housing.
    Nothing in that agreement said that it was a fictional exercise in Kelowna. People expected some action but instead they got a Conservative government that rolled back the work that had been done.
    The Conservatives have indicated their commitment by rolling back the Kelowna accord, by failing to invest in those key areas that first nations peoples said were critical and essential to their health and well-being and they have further demonstrated their lack of commitment by failing to look at the declaration on human rights for indigenous peoples.
    I just want to go back to my own riding for one moment. The Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group is a group of six nations that has been involved in treaties and it is currently looking at the dire circumstances in many communities. Under Canada's community well-being index used to examine the well-being of Canadian communities, the six Hul'qumi'num communities score between 448th and 482nd out of 486 communities surveyed in British Columbia. They could not get much farther down the list in terms of well-being. It is a shocking statement that this continues in this day and age.
    The Kelowna accord was a good first step but it failed to address land claims, treaties and specific land claims. I would urge all members of the House to support the private member's bill but I also would encourage every member of the House to push for much more fair and equitable treatment in the country.

Hon. Anita Neville (Winnipeg South Centre, Lib.):  Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to reaffirm my support and that of my party for this private member's bill introduced by the hon. member for LaSalle-Émard.
    It is true that I too wish I did not have to stand here today in support of this bill, just as I am sure the member for LaSalle-Émard wishes he did not have to introduce the bill in the first place.
    The new Conservative government was afforded an opportunity when it took power: an opportunity to provide for aboriginal peoples from coast to coast to coast. Blessed with a $13 billion surplus, due to the sound fiscal management of the previous Liberal government, and a ready made plan that only needed the confirmation of the new government, the Conservative government willingly and knowingly set back relations between Canada's aboriginal people and itself by not pledging its support for the Kelowna accord. It did this by abandoning it, trashing it and disrespecting it. The government abandoned aboriginal Canadians and, most important, it disrespected the processes aboriginal Canadians entered into in good faith.
    We all know the accord is a landmark document. It signalled the start of a new era of cooperation and reconciliation in Canada, an era when our elected leaders from all parts of this great country said no. They said no to incidences of child mortality 20 times higher in aboriginal communities than in non-aboriginal communities. They said no to an unemployment rate for aboriginal Canadians that is 12% higher than that of non-aboriginal Canadians. They said no to deplorable overcrowded, mouldy housing conditions in which aboriginal Canadians, both on reserve and off reserve, find themselves. I invite members to come on a tour of some of the communities in my province to see the deplorable situations. They said no to a situation where aboriginal people are three times more susceptible to incidences of type II diabetes. They said no to third world poverty in a country such as ours. They said no to inadequate access to medical services and to third world diseases like tuberculosis.
    The agreement was not between Liberals and aboriginal Canadians. It was not a partisan accord. It was an agreement between the Government of Canada, the leadership of all national aboriginal organizations in this country and the first ministers of all the provinces. This agreement spoke to the honour of the Crown. Everyone who was in Kelowna that weekend said that we had enough poverty and enough of a two tiered society.
    From the outset, the Conservative government wasted no time in trashing and belittling this accord. The current immigration minister very quickly said that the accord was written on the back of a napkin. What an attitude. Unfortunately, this attitude has been borne out by subsequent events indicative of most of the views of members opposite.
    The accord represented a new beginning in developing policies that affect aboriginal Canadians. It was a fully integrated and fully consultative process. It involved 18 months of talking with aboriginal Canadians, listening to aboriginal Canadians and working with aboriginal Canadians to formulate the policy and goals that are now part of the Kelowna accord. This process was a model for all departments of government for policy development. It included consultation, collaboration, stakeholder buy in, political commitment, respect for regional realities and differences, and the allocation of resources to begin the job that must be done.
    To have this agreement described as being written on the back of a napkin is an insult to all Canadians, aboriginal and non-aboriginal, who worked so hard and for so long to see the Kelowna accord come to fruition.
    Some members opposite have said that the money for the Kelowna accord was not booked by the previous government. I suggest that is another misrepresentation and another insult.
    As has been confirmed by finance department officials, the money for the Kelowna accord was designated in the fiscal update presented by the former finance minister. The money was there. The funds were booked. To say otherwise is to perpetuate a myth. It is misleading the House.
    The money was designated as a line item in the sources and uses table. The only ones who can remove a line item from a sources and uses table are the Prime Minister and the finance minister.
    When members opposite muse as to the whereabouts of the money for the Kelowna accord, they can ask that question of the Prime Minister or the finance minister. They removed the money. They were the ones who abandoned the Kelowna accord. They were the ones who said yes to continue third world living conditions for aboriginal Canadians. They were the ones who indicated that the pressing needs of aboriginal peoples were not a priority for this government. They hold the brunt of the responsibility.
    The government has now been in power for 10 long months. Its approach to dealing with aboriginal Canadians is becoming apparent. It is quite happy to revert to confrontational times that most Canadians believed were behind us. It seems to be prepared to dictate policy with only a gesture to consultation.
    Along with Russia, the government does not want to champion the rights of indigenous people at the United Nations. It is prepared to create animosity where the Kelowna accord and the consultative process leading up to it achieved much in tearing down barriers between aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadians.
    The era of the government handing down policy without consultation is behind us, or I should I say it was behind us until this government came to power. Aboriginal Canadians need to be at the table in determining policies. They do not need an overseer. They need to be a partner.
    In my mind, any accord in which all of the ministers come to a consensus is a historical document. NDP premiers, Liberal premiers and Conservative premiers all said it was a historical document. They were all in support of it.
    If I can quote NDP Premier Gary Doer of my province, the province of Manitoba, who said on the signing of the Kelowna accord:
     This is the most significant contribution to aboriginals made by any Prime Minister in the last 30 years.
    The Liberal premier of British Columbia, Gordon Campbell, said upon its signing:
     Our duty now is to ensure that when this room goes dark, the light that has been lit, the light of hope that has been lit over the last two days, lives on and burns brighter, month after month, year after year in our hearts and in Canada's corridors of power.
    The Conservative Premier of Alberta, Ralph Klein, said:
     We're committed to working hard on initiatives that will lead to significant improvement for aboriginal people in Canada over the next five or 10 years.
    The only person who is not heeding the calls that it is time to help aboriginal Canadians is the individual who should be listening the hardest and most eager to help. That individual is the Prime Minister.
    A true Prime Minister, a true leader, is the Prime Minister of all Canadians. The time for real leadership is now, leadership to alleviate the suffering of thousands of Canadians.
    The Kelowna accord was an opportunity. It was an opportunity to end the shame in our country, an opportunity to allow aboriginal Canadians to be on the same level as non-aboriginal Canadians. It is the duty and responsibility of this government to see that this accord be implemented. It has failed. Not only did the Conservative government fail aboriginal Canadians but it failed all Canadians by abandoning this accord. It failed the premiers. It failed the aboriginal leadership.
    As the opposition we had a choice to make. We could howl at the moon about the Prime Minister's shameful actions, or we could take action to overturn this meanspirited decision. We chose to take action, led by the efforts of the member for LaSalle-Émard and supported by the entire Liberal caucus. We are saying to Canada's aboriginal people, enough is enough.
    With that in mind, and in my heart, I am pleased to support the private member's bill. I urge all members of the House to support the bill, to indicate to aboriginal people, to the aboriginal leadership of the country, to the leadership of the provinces, and indeed to all Canadians that the House is truly committed to take action to ensure that all aboriginal people have the opportunity--

The Acting Speaker (Mr. Royal Galipeau):   Resuming debate, the hon. Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians.

Mr. Rod Bruinooge (Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians, CPC):  Mr. Speaker, it is my pleasure to rise today to speak on the second reading of Bill C-292.
    I commend the right hon. member for LaSalle-Émard for providing us with another opportunity to discuss and consider the issues of importance to all Canadians and especially aboriginal and non-aboriginal alike.
    Although I welcome this occasion to speak, I cannot support the proposed legislation for a very good reason. The previous Liberal government, after 13 years, clearly neglected aboriginal people all across Canada.

    I am very proud to say that our new government and our new Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development is interested in doing the thing the previous government was unable to do and that is to look at the structural changes needed to actually bring benefits to the people in the communities, the people who have not seen benefits in the past, and are the ones who need it; We will not be growing the bureaucracy and not growing the system like the previous government would so love to do.
    I would like to point out two other objections today. First, the bill is poorly conceived. It is not proposing a clear detailed policy and blueprint but rather a series of broad political commitments in a unilateral press release. Furthermore, it purports to extend statutory recognition to a one-time event and create a vague legal obligation to fulfill a series of wide-ranging commitments, a dubious proposition at best and certainly one which is unenforceable.
    Mr. Speaker, on Monday, September 25, you yourself mentioned that Bill C-292, in clause 2, does state that the government shall take all measures necessary to implement the terms of the accord, but it does not provide specific details on those measures. You said that the measures are simply not described.
    In addition, Bill C-292 provides members with absolutely no idea of what obligations it would impose on government, nor whether those obligations would also apply to provinces and territories. That is an important issue for many of my colleagues in this chamber.
    The second objection that I have is that Bill C-292 is redundant. Since taking office and in collaboration with our aboriginal, provincial and territorial partners, the new government has undertaken a new approach that will produce real solutions to the problems facing aboriginal people in Canada.
    The approach focuses on moving aboriginal people from dependency to self-reliance through targeted efforts in four areas. The first is to empower individuals to take greater control and responsibility for their own lives through directing investments toward housing and education. Next, we are working to accelerate land claims. We are also promoting economic development, job training, skills and entrepreneurship. Finally, we are laying the ground work for responsible self-government by moving toward modern and accountable government structures.
    We are already achieving results. Earlier this year, the government developed and launched an action plan to address drinking water concerns in first nation communities. This comprehensive plan consists of measures to identify communities at risk from unsafe water, ensure treatment facilities are managed by certifying operators, and implementing standards for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and monitoring of treatment facilities.
    Furthermore, there is a three member panel of experts who are conducting public hearings across the country to examine and provide options on the establishment of a regulatory framework to ensure safe drinking water in first nation communities.
    We are also moving forward in collaboration with first nations people, the provinces and territories to reach workable legislative solutions to resolve the challenges presented by the current situation regarding matrimonial real property on reserves which affects a disproportionate number of women and children on reserves, particularly those experiencing family violence. Matrimonial real property on reserves is obviously a pressing equality issue and one we are committed to resolving.
    Unfortunately, members from the party opposite, including the member for Winnipeg South Centre, have indicated that perhaps this is not something we should be proceeding with as soon as possible. I find that to be rather surprising coming from this member whom I thought was very concerned about this issue. To that end, this government has recently announced a national consultation process aimed at resolving the difficult issue of on reserve matrimonial real property.
    In this day and age, it is unacceptable that women and children, families and communities on reserve are still struggling with an issue that has been long neglected, and it is a shame. This situation is the result of a legislative void because provincial and territorial laws that deal with the matter elsewhere in the country do not apply on reserve. The federal Indian Act, which governs practically all aspects of life on reserve, is very silent on this issue.
    As a result of this legislative gap, legal rights and remedies that are applicable off reserve are not available to individuals living in first nations communities. As a consequence, many women are subjected to discrimination and denied basic human rights that other Canadians all take for granted. It is essential that we deal with this issue as soon as possible because clearly, after 13 years, the previous government made no efforts in that area.
    Education is yet another area in which our government is enabling real change for first nations people. In July we signed an agreement with the province of British Columbia and the British Columbia first nations education steering committee to enable first nations in B.C. to assume meaningful control on reserve elementary and secondary schools in areas such as curriculum, educational standards and teacher's certification. This means that first nations children in British Columbia will be able to obtain an education that meets provincial standards but that is also culturally relevant. That is essential.
    As we know, first nations individuals all across Canada, in fact all aboriginal people, are just as capable of learning, but learning is something that requires a cultural sensitivity that we have not seen in the past. I am proud that our government is moving forward in this area.
    Another issue which is very important, again left by the previous government at our feet, is a process that our minister has put forward to accelerate land claims. There is a huge backlog of claims which is completely unacceptable and indicates that the current system is clearly not up to the task.
    Settlements are about justice, respect and reconciliation. More than coming to terms with the past though, settlements are also about building a better future for communities that are sometimes isolated and far from our current economic setters. Each settlement clears a path to strengthened governance and will also strengthen new economic and social opportunities. Settlements can also mean that valuable resources are spent on communities rather than courtrooms.
    The Prime Minister, the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and I are steadfast in our resolve to work with aboriginal partners on shared priorities to develop effective, sustainable approaches to overcome the pressing challenges in our aboriginal communities.
    The government's approach to resolving aboriginal issues, including water, matrimonial real property, education, housing, women and children is all focused on tangible results and clear accountability. Bill C-292 proposes an approach characterized by vague promises and general objectives, something that the previous government was excellent at doing.

Ms. Nancy Karetak-Lindell (Nunavut, Lib.):   Mr. Speaker, I am very honoured to speak to Bill C-292, a very commendable private member's bill from the member for LaSalle-Émard.
    I am also very honoured to have been involved in the discussions and preparations that went into the Kelowna accord. There was over 13 months of work by the Inuit organization and other aboriginal organizations in Canada. For the party across the way to oversimplify that is very discouraging. For people to say that it was not an agreement or an accord, that it could be disregarded because there was no signed agreement and no budget for it really is oversimplifying the situation. It also adds insult to all the preparatory work that people did on the agreement.
    I was in my riding last week speaking with different groups that are suffering badly from the recent cuts to the social programs. The various cuts announced by the Conservative government affect literacy programs, the museum assistance program, and women's groups. The cuts are really affecting the work that communities have been trying to do at the ground level. The Conservative government does not realize the impact these cuts are having on communities. This solidifies my belief that the Conservatives do not understand what reversing the Kelowna agreement has done to our people. I speak mainly for my riding of Nunavut because that is the region I understand the best, but I have spoken with people all across the country and they believed that the Kelowna accord would give them the tools for them to provide their own solutions. They believed that the government of the day recognized their ability to run their own affairs, to come up with their own solutions and to put into play ways of governance that had been there for them in the past.
    The recent history of this country has made it very difficult for people in the communities to practise their own ways of governing, their own ways of reconciling differences, their own ways of educating their people, which really are not very different from those of the rest of the country. It is just that we have learned to look at things through a different lens. We all have the same end goals, but the way to achieve those end goals can differ from one part of the country to another, or from one cultural group to another. As I said, the end goals are the same, and they are to provide a good future for our children and to take advantage of this country's resources, which every Canadian should be able to access. How we reach those goals can be different.
    We certainly have different ways of looking at things and understanding things as a native people, but at the end of the day we all want what is best for our children. We all want to achieve those goals in a way that works for us. It means understanding that we have to do things our own way and, yes, make our own mistakes. Since Nunavut has become a new territory, we have certainly experienced challenges and have made mistakes along the way, but at least they have been our mistakes.
    The Kelowna accord gave us the tools, the mechanisms and the resources, because we do need investments in a different way than has worked for people in the south. Education is a very strong component. The Berger report indicated very strongly that we need to educate our people in a way that is different from that in the rest of the country. It is not to say that we are any less able to be educated but that we need to look at different ways of reaching the knowledge that people have.
    The Kelowna accord was certainly a step in the right direction for this country. I ask members in the House to support this private member's bill because it would put us back on the right track to where we were going before. We have been derailed but I certainly hope that we can get back on the right track with this accord.
    I thank the members of other parties who have indicated they will support this private member's bill. Again, I urge all members to support this bill. I give credit to my colleague for bringing forward this private member's bill. I know he truly believes this is a way we can bring a group of people from our history back on a level playing field with the rest of the country. I take this opportunity to thank my colleagues who have been very strong in their support. I certainly will be supporting this private member's bill.

The Acting Speaker (Mr. Royal Galipeau):   The right hon. member for LaSalle-Émard has five minutes for his reply at the end of the debate.

Right Hon. Paul Martin (LaSalle-Émard, Lib.): 
    Why Kelowna, Mr. Speaker? Because, compared to other Canadians, the aboriginal people of Canada earn nearly 40% less and they have a life expectancy 10 years shorter. They are twice as likely to live in poverty and three times less likely to graduate from university.
    Why Kelowna? Because Canada has the means to achieve its goals and the moral responsibility to do so.
    Those who were in that room that day in Kelowna included the aboriginal leadership in this country and representatives of all of the political parties in this room and across the country. No one in that room had any doubt as to the significance of the agreement that we came to and the significance of what had been done. Every single person who was in that room, every single person who for close to 18 months through a series of round tables and detailed negotiation put everything they had into it and came to that agreement on that historic day, it demeans them for the government to say that this was not worth the paper it was written on, to say that it had no content.
    The Kelowna accord was reached by the aboriginal leadership of our country, by every single one of the provinces and territories without exception, and by the federal government. It set out funding for five years of $5.1 billion, funding that was provided for by the then minister of finance. The Kelowna accord consisted of longer term objectives to be achieved and then measured over a series of shorter term markers to be developed by all of the parties.
    That is important because what was incorporated in the Kelowna accord was working with the aboriginal leadership and provinces, all governments coming together. This was not an imposition. This was indeed a significant agreement as Canadians from coast to coast to coast said that no longer were they going to allow to continue the unacceptable conditions in which aboriginals live.
    The government has said that it agrees with the principles of the Kelowna accord. I ask it to act on those principles.

The Acting Speaker (Mr. Royal Galipeau):   It being 12:01 p.m., the time provided for debate has expired. Accordingly, the question is on the motion. Is it the pleasure of the House to adopt the motion?

    Some hon. members: Agreed.

    Some hon. members: No.

    The Acting Speaker (Mr. Royal Galipeau): All those in favour of the motion will please say yea.

    Some hon. members: Yea.

    The Acting Speaker (Mr. Royal Galipeau): All those opposed will please say nay.

    Some hon. members: Nay.

    The Acting Speaker (Mr. Royal Galipeau): In my opinion the yeas have it.

    And more than five members having risen:

The Acting Speaker (Mr. Royal Galipeau):  Pursuant to Standing Order 93, the recorded division stands deferred until Wednesday, October 18, 2006, immediately before the time provided for private members' business.

The Aboriginal Artworks Group of Northern Ontario (AAGNO)

Present the

Pre-Christmas
Aboriginal Fine Arts and Crafts
Show and Sale

October 19 - 21,  2006 
Intercity Mall, Thunder Bay, Ontario

Thursday Oct. 19 & Fri Oct. 20 :
9:30 a.m. - 9 p.m.
Saturday Oct. 20: 
9:30 a.m. - 6 p.m.

 ON SALE

• Original Native Paintings
• Leather Work
• Native Jewelry
• Wood Carvings
• Birchbark Artwork
• Christmas Ornaments
  And Much, Much More!!!

“Come one, come all to see Authentic Aboriginal Fine Artworks of our Northern Ontario’s Aboriginal people. Great people, Great gift ideas, Great prices.”

Ontario First Nations Young Peoples Council

LOGO DESIGN COMPETITION

The Ontario First Nations Young Peoples Council is announcing a public competition for a logo design. The logo that is selected will serve as visual representation for OFNYPC in print, web and broadcasting communications.

The design must reflect First Nations culture and the submission must include a detailed description or explanation of the logo designed. This design should be kept simple, with a maximum of four colors; this is to allow for easier reproduction for future promotional materials. The OFNYPC would like this logo to symbolize respect, unity, as well as diversity amongst the First Nations in Ontario.   

This invitation is extended to First Nations Youth from across Ontario. Submissions will only be accepted from individuals ages 15-29.

An award of $250.00 will be given to the designer of the winning logo.

Entries must be received by November 10th, 2006. All submissions must include your name, age, address, postal code, telephone number and/or email.  Hard copies must be submitted on a separate piece of 8½” by 11” white paper and can be mailed to:

Ontario First Nations Young Peoples Council
c/o Chief of Ontario Political Office
Suite 101, 90 Anemki Dr.
Thunder Bay, ON P7J 1A5

Electronic submissions can be sent by email and should be attached as JPEG, GIF or PDF.  E-mail: laura@coo.org.  Subject line “logo competition”

For more info on the OFNYPC, check out our website at www.chiefs-of-ontario.org/youth.

Please note that the winning design will become the property of the Ontario First Nations Young Peoples Council and the Chiefs of Ontario

Assembly of First Nations Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement Conference for Frontline Workers – EASTERN REGION

WHERE: Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel, 123 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON.

WHEN: Nov. 22-24, 2006

National Chief Phil Fontaine invites Frontline Workers and Survivor Organizations from Eastern Canada to participate in a detailed technical briefing on the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, as well as the court approval process, to ensure accurate information and consistent messaging is provided to former residential school students.

There are no Registrations fees. Participants will be responsible to pay for their own travel, accommodations and meal expenses.

• Poster and Information
• Registration Form

Draft Agenda will be posted as soon as possible.

Equay-wuk (Women's Group) Fall Gathering 2006

Sunset Inn, Sioux Lookout

November 7-9, 2006.

Theme:  "Empowering Families & Communities"

• Guest Speakers (TBA) - Topics:  Justice, NAN Youth, Residential Schools, Shelters
• Workshops on Women in Leadership, Self Government, Family Violence, Community Wellness, and Starting Women's Groups
• NAN Women's Council - Open Forum
• An evening of entertainment (Nov.7)
• General membership meeting & election of the Equay-wuk Board of Directors (Nov.8)
• Daily Door Prizes

Invitations are being sent to First Nation offices - delegates representing their community will be recommended by their Chief and/or Council.  Please contact your Chief if you are interested in attending.  A registration form must be filled out and sent to Equay-wuk (Women's Group).

Note:  Delegates are required to attend all sessions.

For more information, contact:

Felicia or Darlene

Phone:  807-737-2214 or toll free 1-800-261-8294

Fax:  807-737-2699 

Email:  equaywuk@nwconx.net

Visit our website to view the agenda and registration form.

www.equaywuk.ca

From http://www.kenoradailyminerandnews.com/News/260187.html

Treaty 3 Chiefs angered by program funding cuts

By Mike Aiken - Miner and News - October 11, 2006

Treaty 3 chiefs advocated for constitutional challenges and civil disobedience Tuesday, during the first day of the fall National Assembly being held in Seine River.

Upset by what they saw as arbitrary cuts and amendments to programs affecting their children, leaders didn’t mince words.

Delegates at the table focused on the recent cuts to supports for special needs students on First Nations, who usually attend provincial schools in neighbouring communities.

“It’s a clear and blatant violation of our treaty rights,” said the chief responsible for the education portfolio, Chuck McPherson of Couchiching First Nation.

He said families are considering placing their children in the care of family services, so they can ensure they get access to a proper education.

As classes resumed, Couchiching band council found themselves without funding for 16 education assistants, who accompany special needs students in classrooms. Across Treaty 3, the total was $1.3 million in cuts, and members began a letter-writing campaign to protest the drastic changes.

Without the added support, McPherson said three students in the Kenora area have been unable to attend school, which he saw as a violation of the children’s rights under the treaty, as well as their provincial right to be in school and their rights against discrimination listed in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

The federal government came under criticism in aboriginal circles for a range of cuts last month, as well, which included anti-smoking campaigns and funding for legal challenges.

“The new Conservative government has openly targeted treaty rights and our people,” said Chief Earl Klyne of Seine River.

As First Nations celebrated their recent victory regarding redress for residential school issues, assembly chairman Francis Kavanagh said the clawbacks were already in the works.

“We’re financing our own settlements,” he said.

Others criticized Indian and Northern Affairs for saying the decisions were related to expensive evacuations due to flooding on northern reserves, such as Kashechewan.

Chief Warren White of Whitefish Bay called for civil disobedience when he urged chiefs to force a meeting with Indian Affairs Minister Jim Prentice over the issue. During their trip to Ottawa in December, he said they should sit in the minister’s office until he agrees to meet with them.

Right to consult denied

Speakers also called for a legal challenge based upon their right to consult in section 35 of the Canadian Constitution. While this right has normally been applied to resource rights, they said it was time to apply it to social policies.

Chiefs also suggested they ignore provincial laws regarding child care, because Queen’s Park ignored their suggestions on changes to the new Child and Family Services Act.

“I can say to you we got diddly,” stated George Simard of Weechi-It-Te-Win, the aboriginal children’s aid society operating in the southern part of Treaty 3.

Simard told the assembly he wasn’t prepared to work with provincial regulators towards harmonizing practices, and their only recourse was to go through the courts and force the province to consult with First Nations.

Lac La Croix First Nation Chief Leon Jourdain challenged his colleagues to commit $3,000 each towards the development of their own child care system, saying it was time to act on their words.

The assembly continues Wednesday with an update on a controversial youth trip to Honduras, followed by a visit from the auditors on the their third and final day, Thursday.

Lakehead University Press Release ...

Lakehead Professor Leading Team in Research of the Northern Social Economy

(Thunder Bay) The largest Northern Social Science research grant has been awarded to establish the Social Economy Research Network for Northern Canada (SERNNoCa).

Dr. Chris Southcott, a Professor of Sociology who is working with Yukon College as the lead institution, received $1.75 million from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) to fund his work as Principal Investigator with the Network.

This Network will conduct research that is relevant and useful to communities currently facing substantial social and economic challenges. The term ‘social economy’ covers the economies of a range of organizations which are in neither government nor the private for-profit sector. It includes the traditional relationships in aboriginal communities, volunteer organizations, cooperatives, community groups, non-governmental organizations, non-profit groups, and charities.

In addition to Dr. Southcott, there are four other Lakehead University faculty members involved in the project: Dr. Bob Jickling, Faculty of Education; Dr. Margaret Johnston, School of Outdoor Recreation, Parks, and Tourism; Dr. Harvey Lemelin, School of Outdoor Recreation, Parks, and Tourism; and Dr. Joanne Zamparo, School of Social Work.

The research conducted as part of SERNNoCa will focus on four main areas: profiling the social economy in northern Canada; Indigenous communities and the social economy; resource regimes and the social economy in the north; and the state and the social economy in the north.

“The communities in Canada’s North are facing substantial challenges,” Dr. Southcott says. “This Network aims to help these communities with research findings that are relevant to their social economy, and will help them deal with changes in their economy."

A coordinator for SERNNoCa is working at Yukon College’s Northern Research Institute, in cooperation with the research institutes at Nunavut Arctic College and Aurora College in the Northwest Territories. In addition to Dr. Southcott’s work, social scientists from three other universities—Carleton, Memorial, and the University of Northern British Columbia—will be involved in the research projects.

“Yukon College is pleased to be the lead institution for this important northern research initiative,” says Paul Driscoll, dean of Arts & Science at Yukon College. “This role acknowledges the leadership capability of the Northern Research Institute at the College.”

Members of the Media: Dr. Southcott is available for interview by calling him directly at 807-343-8349. To connect with partnering institutions, please call Marla Tomlinson at 807-343-8177.

Background Information:

This proposal seeks to establish a social economy research network, or node, for Northern Canada. It is built around the three Northern territorial colleges and their respective research institutions and links researchers working in the North with Northern students, community organizations, and educational institutions. The network is structured around four main themes and three sub-nodes – one based in each territory. In addition to research seeking to conceptualize and inventory the social economy in the North, the network will investigate the particular relationships that exist between the social economy and indigenous cultures, resource regimes, and the state. Working with community partners, the network will conduct research and produce findings that will assist Northerners in the development of effective alternative social and economic strategies for their future development.

Communities in Canada’s North are currently facing substantial social and economic challenges. The social economy offers tools to help these communities face these challenges. The creation of a network of university and college-based researchers and representatives of community-based organizations, operating as partners, to conduct research relevant to the social economy in Canada’s North is therefore relevant and important to the region. Northern governments, both Indigenous and public, need research in this area in order to undertake realistic program development and especially to develop realistic economic development policies.

The network will be organized around four research themes. The first theme is the conceptualizing, inventorying, and evaluating of the Northern social economy. The other three themes are related to the specific realities underlying the social economy of the North: dependence on resource use, the predominant role of the state, and the significance of indigenous cultures (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, 2004; Arctic Human Development Report, 2004). The remaining themes will be focused around these realities. Core research will be conducted for each theme. In addition specific projects have been developed to complement the core research. These projects will evolve over time and new projects will be added along with additional researchers and partners.

The network will ensure several key outcomes. These include an increased general awareness of the importance and potential of the social economy related activities to the North, the enhancement of social economy capacity in the region, a greater understanding of alternative forms of social and economic development in the North, the improved performance of organizations and enterprises in areas that are important to the social economy in Canada’s North, new policy resources for governments relating to the social economy, and better trained individuals to assist in the development of social economy organizations.

From http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&call_pageid=971358637177&c=Article&cid=1160171410851

Hidden Treasures
Oct. 7, 2006 - TRISTAN STEWART-ROBERTSON - SPECIAL TO THE STAR

Locked away in museums across Britain are totem poles, kayaks, wampum belts, arrowheads, masks, pipes and scores of other items that were once the property of Canada's natives.

The objects, including human remains of at least 31 Indians and Inuit and grave goods, were all either traded or bought or stolen from native communities over the past 400 years. Most of the artifacts are no longer even on public display in the museums.

Even British curators have described the collections as full of "hidden treasures" for Canadian native communities.

A four-month investigation by the Star has retrieved detailed lists of more than 16,500 items held in just 23 national and local museum collections in the U.K.

It's the first time such lists have been compiled for the wider public, outside of researchers and individual communities who have had piecemeal contact with foreign institutions.

Many sacred ceremonial antiquities are viewed as critical to healing in today's Indian and Inuit communities. Increasingly, Canada's natives are pressing to have the objects repatriated, and their return has become a key point in ongoing treaty negotiations with the federal and provincial governments.

But there is no legal obligation for U.K. museums to deal with indigenous cultures around the world. In fact, British law prohibits the British Museum in London from returning some of the 2,000 artifacts it holds that were made before 1850, unless there is a duplicate. (However, another law permits the return of human remains.)

What happens now will define the future of U.K. collections and the Canadian communities they purport to display. One type of artifact, which played a central role in the Caledonia land dispute this spring, typifies the importance natives place on their antiquities.

Made of hemp cord and shell, and unfurled at the negotiations aimed at resolving the dispute, wampum belts are still being used as guiding principles for the Six Nations of the Grand River and reflect how they see their relationship with the rest of Canada.

The Two Rows Wampum Belt of the Six Nations lays out two parallel paths, of the natives and the "white man," in this case, originally the Dutch in the 1600s, then the English and later the French. Both paths are equal but distinct — each has its sets of laws and neither interferes with each, living in peaceful coexistence.

"It's a recording, and we have to have the capacity to understand what it's all about, otherwise it's just a pretty thing," says Keith Jamieson, who does historical research, particularly with the Woodland Cultural Centre of the Six Nations, and also teaches at Wilfrid Laurier University. "And when we no longer have them, we can't interpret them."

The Two Rows is just one wampum belt of about 40 the Six Nations band has. Jamieson says there are at least 450 others somewhere in the world.

"I have a huge collection of 33 LPs and brought one to the class and said: `Look at this Santana album,'" Jamieson says. "I pulled out the LP and said: `It looks pretty bland and doesn't mean anything. But put it on a record player and all of a sudden you get all this fabulous music. That's what a wampum belt is."

The belts are perhaps one of the best examples of the complexities surrounding indigenous artifacts in foreign institutions and whether they should be returned. While some are considered sacred, others are diplomatic, and copies were made for each party in treaty talks. To repatriate one held in the U.K. might undo those relations established hundreds of years ago.

"When wampum belts have come back to us through repatriation, then the community almost revitalizes," Jamieson says. "In Caledonia, there has been a lack of respect for those treaties and agreements we have come to.

"The wider community would benefit tremendously from learning about these objects — we would have far less trouble relating to the world if they understood us."

On Canada's West Coast, the full significance of native artifacts and the depth of feeling surrounding the return of human remains has touched every corner of some communities.

-----------------------------------------------------------------
`A lot was made for sale or given as gifts. A very small number of items are questionable'

Laura Peers, Pitt Rivers Museum
-----------------------------------------------------------------

Andy Wilson stepped down as co-chairman of the Haida Repatriation Society last June after 10 years of working to bring the remains of ancestors back to their home in the Queen Charlotte Islands.

The Haida have perhaps been the most proactive peoples in Canada when it comes to reclaiming human remains, first from museums in British Columbia and the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Ottawa, and then in the U.S.

The process has also involved everyone in the community, from the preparation of bentwood boxes to hold the remains, to button blankets made by elementary schoolchildren to wrap around their ancestors.

"When we started, we didn't know what repatriation was, let alone how to say it or spell it," says the 53-year-old Wilson from his home in Skidegate, B.C. "None of us knew how to make bentwood boxes. I didn't realize I would spend 10 years making more than 500 of them."

The last decade has also involved a great deal of fundraising, from auctions to seafood dinners, to cover the costs of travelling to museums around North America and bringing hundreds of boxes back.

Visitors to the Queen Charlotte Islands, or what the natives call Haida Gwaii, have been asked to show their support for the community's ongoing battle for the return of a Haida skull from the British Museum in London.

Wilson continues: "People are still appalled at how human remains and objects came to be in museums around the world. They understand it is important to bring them home and not place blame on anybody but do the right thing ... to pay respect to our ancestors.

"If you take a percentage, only 0.001 per cent was sold to collectors. After smallpox wiped out 95 per cent of our people, people just came here in droves because they knew they could take things. Trading and selling was done by people who stole them. The laws at the time didn't protect us. But even stealing was still against the law in the U.K."

Laura Peers grew up in Uxbridge north of Toronto and defined her early career working directly with Indian communities in Canada. Since 1998, the 43-year-old has been curator of the Americas collections at Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford.

The Victorian building and its storerooms house one of the largest single collections of Canadian artifacts — about 3,200 items, from human remains to 400-year-old model canoes.

But Peers suggests that few items in the museum were stolen from natives.

"A lot was made for sale or given as gifts. A very small number of items are questionable. It's things taken illegally or by coercion or human remains, which quite often fell into that category.

"Some were raided from cemeteries at night, or against the specific wishes of aboriginal peoples, so they're laden with difficult episodes."

But Peers understands that aboriginal peoples need the artifacts returned so they can take back "control over their lives.

"If you as a people have been through a period when you could not control what happened to your children, nor what happened to your beloved dead, then one of the ways you symbolically take charge of your lives is literally taking repossession of your human remains and say, `That period of our history is done.'"

Some of the human remains may be impossible to ever connect with the originating community. For example, one bone in Oxford is listed as: "U.S.A? Canada? Australia?"

About a third of the items are arrowheads, harpoons and other such tools. Another large percentage is clothing, ranging from ceremonial outfits and children's moccasins more than 100 hundred years old, to items bought by tourists over the past decade.

-----------------------------------------------------------------
`They were stolen — it was legalized theft at the time'

Francis Frank, Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council
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Peers says U.K. museums have a great deal of work to do on the Canadian items, but they need the resources and help of indigenous communities.

"I'm the first North American historian working in the Pitt Rivers Museum in 50 years, and the last person refused to set foot in North America," she says. "North America is far down the list of importance in terms of overall ethnographic material in U.K. collections.

"First Nations don't want to take someone else's remains home — they want the research to be done and be absolutely sure. I have been astonished by the degree that First Nations peoples are willing to help institutions to research."

Garry Courchene, director of the Sagkeeng Cultural Centre on the Sagkeeng First Nation reserve in Fort Alexander, Man., says he's just learned that there is a human skull identified as Ojibwa hidden in a crate somewhere in the United Kingdom. He feels the hand of the Creator at work.

"It's up there that's doing that. They want to come back," he says. "Something's coming."

Courchene says "stolen" is too strong a word to use. "We don't want to look at it that way. These artifacts were appropriated, just like our land. I don't like to blame. My aim is just to get them back."

Courchene, 51, says the objects might have been made in the past, and exist in the present in foreign museums, but are timeless and important to the future of natives.

"Those artifacts are alive and kicking and just waiting to come home," he says. "The spirit has not been dead in them, so they have to be taken care of. We can go into ceremony to use spiritual guidance to find out where the objects come from."

Courchene's approach points out the very different views on how to determine an object's history: spirituality or research. Where U.K. museums and Canadian communities go from here will be framed in that debate.

But there appears to be no agreement on the next step toward building new relationships between British museums and Canadian communities.

Francis Frank, president of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council in Port Alberni, B.C., puts the responsibility squarely on the federal government.

"The Canadian government should approach U.K. museums to repatriate these objects," he says. "Once we have been able to identify objects as Nuu-chah-nulth, the federal government must initiate steps with the British government, or anywhere else in the world.

"Although there are some human remains from our communities, we know there's greater abundance of artifacts. They were stolen — it was legalized theft at the time. Our goal in treaty negotiations is to have them back."

A few hours' journey away, at the Sto:lo Research and Resource Management Centre in Chilliwack, B.C., David Schaepe says native communities must be ready to enter a complex relationship with museums.

"You can't start to bring back and not know what to do with them," says Schaepe, 38, the centre's manager and senior archaeologist. "What's going to happen with the objects, with human remains? Where will they be put?

"We have to get a cultural centre built so the Sto:lo can use the objects and educate others and have a better relationship between themselves and other communities.

"It's a detailed and time-consuming process finding out where those things are and dealing with each object individually. What do you search under? What cultural names? Fraser River? Sto: lo?

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`People are still appalled at how human remains and objects came to be in museums around the world'

Andy Wilson, former co-chairman Haida Repatriation Society
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"And it's not just objects — it's knowledge that's bound up in things, such as songs, names, photographs and things that are covered under intellectual property."

Jamieson at the Six Nations reserve says: "A lot of museums in Europe are very afraid to open their stuff up to us because they're scared of the repatriation issue. But we have to respect their laws — the Two Row says we can't interfere with your process because we expect you to not interfere with ours."

Even if artifacts aren't returned, there remains the issue of how they are displayed, if at all.

Peers shows off some Canadian items in glass cases set up more than 100 years ago, under the watchful eyes of a totem pole. The Haida pole was removed from outside Star House in Old Masset, B.C., after the people who raised it died. It was installed in the Pitt Rivers Museum in 1901 and bolted to a pillar.

Nearby are what are likely the most popular display cases for school tours: shrunken heads from the South Pacific and two scalps from Canada.

"One of my first goals was to haul these scalps off display," Peers says. "These are considered human remains and would not be displayed in Canada any more. But if we take them off display, it's a form of censorship in the sense that Pitt Rivers is a museum of British colonial history as much as anything else.

As for other objects in foreign museums, natives in Canada want them celebrated in the light, not hidden in the dark.

"We told the Museum of Natural History in New York, `Get our objects out of the dark,'" says Wilson in Haida Gwaii, B.C. "You have got to stop portraying our people as something dead and gone. It makes it look like we are part of the past, but our objects are alive with colour and light and magic. Light it up in here, give it life."

If objects need to be returned to Canada, how will British students and the public learn about indigenous cultures? Can there be bridges over the gaps of mending historical wrongs but educating future generations on both sides of the Atlantic?

"You get a little shiver up your spine when you handle them," says Jenny Allan, a third-year University of Glasgow student in history of art and English literature. The 21-year-old worked this summer on objects collected on Captain James Cook's voyages up Canada's West Coast.

"I used to look at Captain Cook objects on class trips — they make a huge impact," she says. "They're very striking objects. And this stuff has made more of an impact because I have been able to touch them. It's impossible not to get a huge sense of the people in this."

But Wilson would rather Allan and others come to Haida Gwaii to learn about the objects currently held in museums around the world.

"It's like me learning about the U.K. and not going to the U.K. I didn't know why I was learning Shakespeare in school, but when I went to London, I got a better understanding of why he wrote the way he did.

"We travel all over the world to learn about other cultures, and what makes sense is to have our stuff and people come here to learn about us. It's abstract until you come here and understand why the Haida were so strong and powerful, and their culture became so advanced.

"If anybody went to another culture and took their most sacred objects, people would be appalled, especially in the U.K. That's what they're doing to us. People just don't get that."

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Canadian journalist Tristan Stewart-Robertson is a senior reporter at the Greenock Telegraph in Scotland. He can be reached at tsr@scapestreet.com.

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An addendum to the above article ...

Native art auction conjures highs, lows

The Museum of Northern British Columbia succeeded in buying a carved spoon for $25,600 at auction Thursday, but there is more sadness about the famous 19th century Northwest Indian collection being dispersed than joy over this acquisition.

"It was one of about 30 pieces we would have liked, but prices were astronomical. It's very beautiful," said Susan Marsden, director of the museum in Prince Rupert.

The Sotheby's auction in New York netted $7 million (U.S.) on 57 lots, a record for native artifacts. The highlight of the sale was a record $1.8 million (U.S.) paid for a multi-coloured Tsimshian mask. The lion's share of the items is coming home to Canada.

Art dealer Don Ellis bought four pieces for the Museum of Civilization in Ottawa, four for his own gallery in Dundas, Ont. — to be offered to Canadian institutions at cost — and 19 pieces (including the mask) on behalf of two Canadian philanthropists. One is David Thomson, son of the late Ken Thomson, whose collections have gone to the Art Gallery of Ontario.

The Tsimshian and Tlingit artifacts, known as the Dundas collection, included chief's regalia, rattles, boxes, a bone "slave killer" club, wooden bowls, masks as well as combs and spoons.

The objects had been consigned to Sotheby's by Simon Carey, a retired British psychologist whose great-grandfather, the Rev. Robert James Dundas, had acquired almost all the objects on Oct. 26, 1863, from the missionary William Duncan.

The collection, the last 19th century field collection of Northwest Coast art in private hands, had tantalized Canadian museums for decades but attempts to buy it in its entirely foundered because of the many strings attached. Besides asking for a lot of money, Carey wanted it kept together on permanent display. He also demanded the publication of his great-grandfather's 250,000-word journal.

While many in the cultural community celebrated the fact most of the artifacts were staying in Canada, a high-ranking Tsimshian chief expressed disappointment at the sale itself.

"The missionaries got them (the artifacts) for nothing and now they put such a big price on it," James Bryant said by telephone yesterday.

The Tsimshian and Tlingit descendants of the makers of the objects in the Dundas collection live in the area around Prince Rupert.

"According to the research we did, Father Duncan took their regalia and their artifacts when they became Christian and that's how it ended up in England. If we wanted to wear our regalia to the potlatch they'd throw us in jail," Bryant said.

"They got those things for nothing, never paid a penny for them and the great-grandson of the missionary is going to become a millionaire on account of this. We would have liked to see all of them (artifacts) remain in Canadian museums so they can be displayed properly."

But Gerald McMaster, a member of the Siksika Nation of the Plains Cree and a curator at the AGO, is gratified to see prices of native art catching up with European art.

"Maybe we'll no longer ask the question, `Is it art?'" he said. The rise in valuations reflects that "we are more aware of our heritage. There is greater interest and more scholarship now."

Production levels were high in the 19th century, when Rev. Dundas acquired his collection.

"My great-great-grandfather wrote that during his journey to Metlakatla (the 19th century name of the area), he was surrounded by canoes with people offering lots of items for not very much," Benjamin Carey, who represented his ailing father at the auction, told the Star.

He said his great-great-grandfather recorded that he traded a bar of soap for the pair of spoons (not the one bought by the Prince Rupert museum).

Judy Stoffman